Artificial Intelligence Changing the Surgical Field, Specifically Transplantation: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the trendiest topics around the world. AI has been transforming traditional methods into innovative new approaches in medicine. The main question we want to address in this paper is to see how AI helps surgeons and what challenges AI can present in transplantation. In this study, we reviewed published articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, PMC, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. We assessed each paper with our inclusion/exclusion criteria, which included papers published between 2019 and 2024, available as free-text articles, and written in English. We included published papers that talked about adult kidney, liver, and heart transplantation in humans. Any papers that contained only other types of transplantation, like lungs or orthopedic, were not included. We excluded papers that included pediatric or animal studies. We used 12 articles to finalize this systematic review. We used the MeSH terminology ("Artificial Intelligence"[MeSH]) AND ("Transplantation/adverse effects"[MeSH] OR “Transplantation/methods"[MeSH]), and the keywords were “Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning, Transplant Surgery, Artificial Neural Networks, and Transplantation”. The systematic reviews will discuss the potential benefits of decision-making and pre-operative or post-operative management, taking into consideration that further studies are needed to finalize conclusions on the effectiveness of AI in the surgical field, as this is a relatively