Journal For International Medical Graduates

Differentiating Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis based on histopathology: Overview

Munira Malik, Howard Maibach — Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Differentiating Allergic Contact Dermatitis(ACD) from
Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) has posed a significant
challenge for dermatologists, allergists, and
histopathologists. Over the years, many studies have
been conducted to determine whether ACD can be
differentiated from ICD based on histopathology
findings. A clear-cut distinction based on histopathology
will facilitate the diagnosis and appropriate
management of both conditions.
Abbreviations: CD, Contact Dermatitis; ACD, allergic
contact dermatitis; ICD, irritant contact dermatitis

Aspirin Versus Enoxaparin for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Orthopedic Surgery: A Review of Efficacy and Safety

Mon, 23 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant complication
following orthopedic surgery. This review evaluates the
comparative efficacy and safety of aspirin and
enoxaparin for DVT prophylaxis in this patient
population. A comprehensive literature search identified
relevant
randomized controlled trials (RCTs),
retrospective studies, and systematic reviews with
meta-analyses comparing these two medications. The
findings regarding aspirin's efficacy compared to
enoxaparin are mixed. While some studies suggest
comparable effectiveness in preventing DVT, others
indicate a potential advantage for enoxaparin. However,
aspirin offers advantages in terms of ease of
administration (oral medication), potentially lower
bleeding risk, and potentially improved patient
satisfaction
and adherence. Drawing definitive
conclusions is limited by heterogeneity among the
included studies. Variations in patient populations,
surgical procedures, and follow-up durations hinder a
more conclusive comparison. Additionally, the potential
for bias in some studies necessitates a cautious
interpretation of the results. This review also has
limitations, as it does not explicitly appraise the
methodological quality of each included study. Despite
these limitations, aspirin emerges as a potentially viable
alternative, and perhaps even an excellent option, for
DVT prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery in specific
scenarios. However, limitations within the current
evidence necessitate further research with standardized
protocols and rigorous methodological evaluation.
Individualized approaches that consider patient-specific
risk factors and surgical procedures are crucial. If future
research confirms aspirin's efficacy and safety profile,
its ease of use and potential benefits could lead to it
becoming a preferred option for DVT prophylaxis.

American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Code and California Laws and Licensing Requirements to be a Psychologist

Hassaan Tohid — Wed, 21 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this short article, I will cover the summary of the
American Psychological Association (APA) ethics code
and the licensing requirements to become a
psychologist in the state of California for international
medical graduates (IMGs) planning to be licensed in
California. Each state can have different requirements,
so IMGs should refer to their respective state
psychology boards for specific licensing requirements.

Comparison of Endotracheal Tube (ETT) and Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Systematic Review

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present systematic review compares the effects of
the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the endotracheal
tube (ETT) on hemodynamic response and airway
difficulties in pediatric anesthesia patients. The terms
"children," "postoperative," "pediatrics," "laryngeal
mask airway," "endotracheal tube," and "subglottic"
were utilized. The scope of the literature review was
limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and
PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were
among the databases searched. Two reviewers used the
Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess quality. Eight RCTs
in total were included. When compared to the ETT,
results showed that the number of attempts for
endotracheal intubation was fewer than for the
placement of the LMA. Additionally, there was an
increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and mean arterial
pressure with the use of the ETT. The incidence of
postoperative respiratory complications, including
laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and sore throat, was
higher with the use of the ETT. We conclude that the use
of the LMA can be a safe alternative to the ETT in
pediatric patients, producing fewer hemodynamic
changes and postoperative complications.

Beyond Clinical Skills: Why Personal Development is Essential for Modern Physicians

Hassaan Tohid, Rana Ahmad Abdelrahim, Dhuha S. Al-taie, Yonas Tamane — Tue, 24 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

People normally put a high value on education almost
all over the world.We go to school all through out our
childhood,then for physicians it means complete
undergraduate and medical degrees as well as
residency to be able to do what you want.However,
some people stop actively seeking to learn ,develop,and
grow different areas of their growth or lives and
interests when they graduate and move into workforce
this is not uncommon to see.Personal development is
not limited to the coaching industry or business
professionals; it is a crucial discipline for all individuals
across every field, including medicine. While medical
doctors acquire extensive knowledge in medicine during
their university education, personal development
remains largely overlooked in academic curricula
worldwide. However, through consistent, daily
improvements, doctors can significantly enhance both
their personal lives and professional careers within just
a few years.

Effectiveness of a Ketogenic Diet in Children with Refractory Epilepsy: A Systemic Review

Wed, 11 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A notable proportion (10%-20%) of children with
epilepsy remain unresponsive to pharmacological
treatment. Current strategies for the management of
refractory epilepsy encompass surgical treatments
(vagus nerve stimulation) as well as the adoption of a
Ketogenic Diet. By adhering to the Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to identify
all relevant studies in English language that investigated
the effectiveness of a Ketogenic diet in children with
refractory epilepsy. A total of 125 studies were identified
and eight, involving a total of 1330 patients, met the
criteria. Of the identified eight studies, one was
randomized controlled trial, one was systematic
review/meta-analysis, and the rest were observational
studies. More than half (54%) of the participants
reported seizure resolution, while 17% became seizure
free after one month of initiating the ketogenic diet.
Ketogenic diet have been shown to be efficacious for the
treatment of epilepsy in infants.

Abraham Maslow’s Legacy: A Personal Exploration of Hierarchy

Dr. Hassaan Tohid — Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000