Journal For International Medical Graduates

Examining the Psychological Burden of Diabetes Mellitus: The Association and Relationship between Depression, Anxiety, and Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Reviewr

Zahra Ali — 2023-08-10

Diabetes Mellitus is a global health issue, and the rising
prevalence of depression and anxiety among individuals
with diabetes poses a significant concern. Metabolic
disturbances in diabetes can potentially impact
psychological well-being. The study aims to determine
the prevalence of depression, and anxiety, and explore
the relationship between these mental health conditions
and diabetes. A comprehensive search was conducted
on PubMed and Google Scholar using MeSH terms and
keywords. Articles were selected based on predefined
inclusion criteria, and a rigorous quality assessment was
performed by two independent authors. Crosssectional, case-control, systematic reviews, and metaanalysis studies investigating the association between
diabetes mellitus, depression, and anxiety were
included. After careful quality appraisal, twelve articles
were selected for inclusion in the study. These studies
were of high quality, some have limitations and a
moderate risk of bias.

Bridging Gaps Enhancing Hematology and Oncology Care Access in Underserved Communities through International Medical Graduates

Dr. Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-22

Access to quality hematology and oncology care is a fundamental right that should transcend geographical and socio-economic barriers. This poster delves into the vital role of International Medical Graduates (IMG) in addressing disparities in hematology and oncology care access within underserved communities. By leveraging the expertise and unique perspectives of IMG, we can pave the way for equitable and comprehensive care delivery.

The Power Vested On Usmle Step 2 CK Score After The Pass Or Fail System

Omobolanle Ayodele Obajeun — 2023-09-12

On January 1, 2022, a new scoring system was
institutionalized for Step 1 reporting system.
Being the only objective method for residency
distinction based on academic performance, Step
2 CK score has become an important metric that
residency directors now use to quickly evaluate
and filter the number of program applicants. This
new system of assessing applicants’ performance
based on numerical score is still the same, the
only difference is transition from step 1 score to
step 2 score.

Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations with Statin Therapy: A Systematic Review

Khalid Javed — 2023-09-26

This systematic review focuses on examining the
treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and preventing exacerbations. Despite the
pharmacological interventions available, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not curable.
The goal of treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) patients is more focused on providing
relief of symptoms such as dyspnea and shortness of
breath. The purpose is to review the efficacy of daily
Statin use in patients with newly diagnosed chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Will Probiotics Be a Game Changer in the Treatment of Recurrent UTI? – a Short Review

Dr. Zareen Zohara — 2023-07-14

The most frequent condition primary care doctors
address is recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in
both men and women. RUTI is defined as occurring at
least three times in the past year or twice in the past
six months. This is a serious health hazard for women.
Even though there is a wide range of antibiotics
available for the treatment of bacterial urinary tract
infections (UTIs), due to the development of antibiotic
resistance, chronic UTIs are now the subject of debate.
This review focuses on the connection between probiotic
use and the management of recurrent UTIs and offers
recommendations for using probiotics as a substitute to
lessen the likelihood of adverse medication reactions.
After reviewing a number of studies, it was determined
that probiotics might be a better choice than antibiotics
given their advantages over disadvantages.

Transforming Hematology and Oncology Follow-Up Care: Innovations in Telemedicine

Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-22

In recent years, advancements in telemedicine have revolutionized the way healthcare is delivered, particularly in the field of hematology and oncology. This poster explores the cutting-edge innovations that empower doctors to enhance remote monitoring and post- treatment support for hematology and oncology patients. leading to improved outcomes and quality of life.

The Symphony of Survival: Sacubitril/Valsartan’s Heartfelt Impact on Mortality in Heart Failure: A Systemic Review

Eshwar Kumar Burra — 2023-09-05

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and debilitating
condition affecting millions worldwide. Over the years,
numerous therapeutic strategies have been employed
to manage HF, improving patients' quality of life, and
reducing morbidity and mortality rates.
Sacubitril/valsartan, a novel combination drug, has
emerged as a promising therapeutic option in the
management of HF with reduced ejection fraction
(HFrEF This abstract provides a comprehensive review
of the use of sacubitril/valsartan in treating HF patients.
It delves into the mechanism of action of both
components, examining how sacubitril, a neprilysin
inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker,
work synergistically to address the complex
pathophysiology of HFrEF. The unique combination of
these agents has been shown to improve cardiac
function, reduce ventricular remodeling, and mitigate
neurohormonal activation, leading to better outcomes
in HF patients. Several clinical trials and real-world
studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of
sacubitril/valsartan in HF management. These studies
have highlighted the drug's ability to reduce HF-related
hospitalizations and improve patients' functional status
and exercise tolerance. Moreover, the combination
therapy has shown a favorable risk-benefit profile,
making it a valuable option for HF patients intolerant to
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Improving Sleep Quality in Patients with Chronic Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review

Qasim S. Khan Admin — 2023-09-23

Sleep disturbance in patients with chronic medical
conditions is common, and an additional factor is
significantly causing distress and delay in recovery.
Pharmacological interventions led to more difficulties
and reactions to medicines affecting overall health. To
improve sleep quality for people with chronic medical
disorders, this systematic review evaluated the
effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies. The
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) instrument
was used to evaluate the review's quality, and it
complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
standards. In individuals with chronic medical illnesses,
this systematic review emphasises the potential efficacy
of non-pharmacological therapies for improving sleep
quality. The overwhelming body of research supports
the inclusion of therapies such as cognitive behavioural
therapy, relaxation training, and sleep restriction
therapy in the comprehensive care of these patients.
Three papers were found to be relevant after a thorough
search through medical databases including PubMed,
Springer, NCBI, ResearchGate, and WILEY Online
Library

The Quest for Optimal Therapy: Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatitis C - A Systematic Review

Monica Devi Yerramsetti — 2023-09-19

Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) infection leads to liver
cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. It
is mostly treated with Sofosbuvir and ribavirin or in
combination with other Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

Emotional Intelligence in the Era of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Professionals

Vagisha Sharma — 2023-08-28

In today's rapidly increasing healthcare industry, the
combination of emotional intelligence (EI) with artificial
intelligence (AI) has significant consequences for
medical practitioners. Emotional intelligence, including
the capacity to perceive, understand, and manage
emotions, is emerging as a critical advantage for
medical practitioners, particularly as AI technologies
augment clinical operations. This abstract analyzes the
different dynamics of EI in the context of AI integration,
demonstrating its significance across multiple fields. As
more medical professionals collaborate with AI-powered
systems, a delicate interaction between human
emotional intelligence and AI's analytical brilliance
emerges, necessitating an acceptable balance.
Furthermore, the impact of EI on crucial aspects of
medical education, practitioner-patient interactions,
and overall job satisfaction is investigated. This abstract
emphasizes the imperatives of strengthening EI talents
despite technological development, advocating for a
harmonious integration that supports both the cognitive
and emotional parts of healthcare practice by
recognizing the synergies and potential conflicts
between EI and AI.

The Role of Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Female Incontinence in 2023: A Literature Update

Yonas Tamene — 2023-09-23

This in-depth analysis of the literature provides a 2023
update on the crucial function of artificial urinary
sphincters (AUS) in the treatment of female
incontinence. This review illustrates the tremendous
advancements in AUS technology, particularly the
introduction of flexible cuff pressure and occlusive cuff
techniques, which have considerably improved
treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. It draws
on the most recent research from the last ten years.

International medical graduates: Catalysts for a Globalized US Healthcare system

NU Twinkle — 2023-09-18

International medical graduates provide
much-needed diversity in GME.
Since most IMGs remain in the U.S. after
training, this diversity can lead to
● a richer training environment
● increased access to health care,
● and better health care outcomes.

Retention of Urine after Elective Total Hip and Knee Replacement Surgeries - A Literature review

Mahendar Kumar — 2023-09-28

Urinary retention postoperatively is alarming
complication that happened after elective hip and knee
replacement surgeries. This literature review examined
the incidence, risk factors, and management of
postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in elective total
hip and knee replacement surgery over the last five
years.

The Role of Hormone Receptor Expression and Hormonal Therapy (Estrogen and Progesterone) in the Management and Prognosis of Meningiomas in Females: A Systematic Review

Babatope Lanre Awosusi — 2023-08-10

Meningioma is the primary central nervous system
tumour with the highest recorded prevalence. Research
on meningiomas has shown an association with
hormone receptor expression, but the underlying
pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear. This
systematic review presents the available information on
the role of progesterone and estrogen in meningioma’s
pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. The study
used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review
and MetaAnalysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The
authors searched and downloaded relevant published
articles from the following databases; PubMed, PubMed
Central (PMC), MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and
Google Scholar. The downloaded articles were screened
using set eligibility criteria and appropriate quality
appraisal tools and subsequently relevant data was
extracted using standardized questionnaires. Based on
the papers reviewed, progesterone receptor expression
in meningioma is associated with significantly more
favourable prognostic factors and treatment outcomes
while a negative correlation exists between overall
survival and the presence of estrogen receptors. In
conclusion, analysing hormone receptor expression in
meningioma appears necessary for targeted hormonal
and endocrine therapy. A suitable reference population
must also be defined in future extensive prospective
multi-centre and multi-national clinical studies

Personalized Medicine in Hematology-Oncology for International Patients

Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-22

Personalized medicine is an approach that uses advanced technologies to tailor treatment to the patient's particular tumor, based on molecular testing of the tumor's genetic profile.

The Physician's Hourglass: Maximizing Time for Better Healthcare

Hassaan Tohid MBBS — 2023-09-12

Time management constitutes a skill that can be
acquired. Worldwide, experts have articulated
numerous time management techniques through
written and spoken discourse. In this article, we shall
delineate the top seven time management skills.
Embracing these competencies stands to benefit
fledgling doctors, not only in their capacity as medical
practitioners but also within the realms of their personal
lives.
Research indicates that the practice of effective time
management serves to diminish stress levels and
enhance performance, both among students and
professionals alike. By immersing oneself in the
acquisition and cultivation of these time management
aptitudes and habits, one not only attains a gratifying
sense of achievement but also attains mastery over the
orchestration of one's life. Furthermore, this endeavor
may yield improvements in overall workplace
performance, mitigating workplace stress and thereby
bestowing upon the individual a profound sense of selfsatisfaction.

Comparing Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab and Eculizumab in Treating Refractory Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review

Vineet Suryadevara — 2023-09-26

Myasthenia gravis is a common
autoimmune disease in which patients experience
weakness primarily in the ocular, respiratory, bulbar,
and limb muscles. Although the symptoms of most
patients with myasthenia gravis are well controlled with
conventional immunotherapies, about 15% of them
experience a refractory disease. This systematic review
will focus on the safety and efficacy of monoclonal
antibodies, specifically rituximab and eculizumab, in
treating myasthenia gravis

Unlocking the Power of Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review on Safeguarding Hospitalised Patients from Clostridium Difficle Infection

Sidharth Midha — 2023-07-26

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common
complication of antibiotic therapy, with Clostridium
difficile infection (CDI) being a major cause of severe
AAD. CDI is associated with high morbidity, mortality,
and healthcare costs. The administration of probiotics is
a promising strategy for the prevention of AAD and CDI,
as they can create a favorable gut environment and
alter the composition of the intestinal flora. This
systematic review evaluated the use of probiotics in
preventing CDI in hospitalized adult patients. The
review of 12 randomized controlled trials involving
3,586 patients found that probiotics reduced the
incidence of CDI in hospitalized adult patients by up to
70%. Specifically, the probiotic strains Lactobacillus
rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii were
found to be effective in preventing CDI. However,
further research is needed to establish optimal dosing
regimens and to identify the most effective probiotic
strains for CDI prevention. Nonetheless, the use of
probiotics appears to be a promising strategy for
reducing the incidence of CDI in hospitalized adult
patients receiving antibiotics.

Psychosocial Support for Cancer Survivors

Dr. Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-22

Psychosocial issues are significant challenges for cancer survivors after treatment. They impact quality of life, health behaviors, and outcomes. Addressing these issues is crucial as part of survivorship care.

The Biological Effects of Vitamin D on the Development of Uterine Fibroids: A Literature Review

Merna Haridi — 2023-09-05

Uterine Fibroids (UFs), also known as uterine
leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors derived
from smooth muscle tissue. Vitamin D deficiency is one
of the many factors involved in the development and
growth of UFs. Many studies have shown that vitamin D
supplementation decreases the size of fibroids despite
a poorly understood pathogenesis. The activity of
vitamin D against UF cells has mainly been supported
by various in vitro and in vivo studies. For this review,
we conducted in-depth research of published literature
on vitamin D's biological and pathophysiological effects
on UFs. We searched on Google Scholar and PubMed
using common keywords and selected 23 studies from
the search results. The literature chosen from the past
ten years was read and analyzed thoroughly. However,
because of the limited research on the effects of vitamin
D on UFs and the different inclusion criteria, the clinical
efficacy of vitamin D on women with UFs remains
unclear. More extensive, well-organized studies on the
specific effects of vitamin D on the growth of UFs would
prove efficacious in establishing treatments.

Dietary Intervention in Management and Remission of Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review

Abanob A Elias — 2023-09-23

Ulcerative Colitis (UC), an Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(IBD) affecting the colon, is characterized by recurring
inflammation in the colon's inner lining. Common
symptoms include blood in the stool and diarrhea.

Optimizing chemotherapy protocol for diverse patient populations

Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-22

Chemotherapy optimization for diverse patient populations is a complex and challenging task that requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach .
Oncology professionals need to be aware of the factors that can affect the response and toxicity of chemotherapy drugs in different patient populations and apply the best available evidence and practices to tailor chemotherapy regimens accordingly.
Further research is needed to identify more pharmacogenetic biomarkers, develop more accurate dosing formulas, evaluate more drug interactions, and compare more toxicity profiles for chemotherapy optimization for diverse patient populations.

Cardiovascular Manifestations and Therapy Options for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systemic Literature Review

Hiba Nashat — 2023-08-28

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune
multi-systemic disease; it is a controlled disease but is
not curable. SLE affects different systems in the body,
such as cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematology,
neurology, and rheumatology. It can cause various
problems in the heart, lungs, and joints. This Systemic
review researched articles from 3 databases: PubMed,
Google Scholar, and PubMed Central in June 2022. We
did this systemic review using Prisma guidelines. We
collected this systemic review in the last five years. Free
full articles randomized controlled trial (RCT), systemic
review articles, and English language included. Other
languages and articles earlier than 2017. Joanna Briggs
Institute (JBI) checklist, Assessment of Multiple
Systemic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR), and Scale for the
Assessment of Multiple Systemic Reviews 2 (SANRA)
are used to check for quality assessment. In the
systemic review, the initial search generated 516
articles. They included 13 in the final selection; six were
case reports, two were systemic reviews, three of them
retrospective studies, and two were literature reviews.
In this Systemic review, we will focus on the cardiac
manifestations associated with systemic lupus
erythematosus and use Hydroxychloroquine to prevent
the deterioration of systemic lupus erythematosus and
decrease the incidence rate cardiac problems. It
discovered a decrease in the incidence rate of cardiac
manifestations. It found that hydroxychloroquine is
effective in the treatment of systemic lupus
erythematosus patients. Not only that, but they found
that Hydroxychloroquine effectively treats systemic
lupus erythematosus patients and limits cardiac risk
factors. We need further studies and research to
understand the effect of systemic lupus erythematosus
on the cardiac system and the effects of
Hydroxychloroquine on decreasing the impact of
systemic lupus erythematosus on the heart.

Unveiling the Shadows: Pitfalls in Medical Practice and Their Remedies: A Revie

Hassaan Tohid — 2023-09-23

In the realm of human experience, no individual can
assert with absolute certainty that they have traversed
their journey without stumbling upon the terrain of
error. Such missteps are a universal aspect of our
existence. Yet, it is the discerning mind that
acknowledges these misjudgments, endeavors towards
self-refinement, and endeavors to eschew their
recurrence.

Crafting Your Journey: Insights for Enhancing Internal Medicine Residency Match Odds.

Dr. Lakshmi Sai Niharika Janga — 2023-09-19

Along with academic excellence,
Internal Medicine (IM) residency
demands strategic planning and a deep
understanding of how to distinguish
yourself from numerous other competing
candidates. The intricate application
enhances your chances of matching
into the residency program

"Beyond the Onset: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Etiological Mechanisms in Central Precocious Puberty"- A systematic review

Thota Priyanka — 2023-11-03

The purpose of this systematic review is to
understand the recent advances that have been made
in understanding the risk factors and etiology behind
the rising incidence of precocious puberty in children.
The key goals are to assess to understand the normal
physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)
axis and the various theories that have been proposed
that influence the normal functioning of the HPG axis
leading to central precocious puberty

The Impact of International Medical Graduates on Rural Healthcare in the USA: Challenges and Opportunities

Harendra Kumar — 2023-08-28

The Impact of International Medical Graduates (IMGs)
on Rural Healthcare in the United States depicts a
landscape in which challenges collide with opportunities,
affecting the course of healthcare delivery. IMGs have
immense promise as the foundations of the healthcare
profession, but the rural terrain presents unique
challenges. Scarce resources and inadequate facilities
impede seamless practice, particularly in specialty fields
such as cardiology and cancer. For effective patient
engagement, the fabric of rural communities, which is
linked to many cultures, requires enhanced cultural
competence. Language barriers highlight the challenge
of providing care. Despite these challenges, IMGs hold
the seeds of opportunity. Their resource-constrained
ingenuity gives them novel solutions to rural healthcare
disparities. Furthermore, IMGs have the potential to
overcome the healthcare professional gap, giving
vitality to poor places. Fostering the synergy between
IMGs and rural healthcare requires infrastructural
improvements, cultural awareness, and equitable
integration. Strategic investments in technology and
education have the potential to improve patient care.
Recognizing and treating IMGs fairly shows their critical
role in redefining rural healthcare accessibility and
quality.

The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students Comparing 10 Countries: Systematic Review

Esraa M. AlEdani — 2023-09-23

The prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression
among medical students are increasing progressively
due to the unhealthy and pressured environment
students are surrounded with. Multiple risk factors differ
from country to country, which play an important role in
their mental health. A systematic review of depression
and anxiety was searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed
Central (PMC), and ScienceDirect papers from 2007 and
after. Systematic reviews, cross-sectional studies,
meta-analyses, and observational studies were
included.

Crisis Management skills For International Medical Graduates

Dr. Humaira Shamim — 2023-09-12

Crisis management is based on clarity,
commitment, consistency and confidence.
Strategy of Crisis intervention involves awareness,
promoting compassion and implementing orders.
The assessment crisis Intervention trauma model
consists of assessing the affected person,
establishing a relationship, understanding the
problem, providing emotional support, exploring
coping strategies, implementing a plan, and
following up. The most common personal crisis
can be a failure in exam , switching from one
profession to the other, financial crisis, changing
your native city or country, loss of a loved one,
natural disaster or health crisis. Thinking about
the crisis as a learning opportunity to become
stronger through coping strategies and personal
growth.

Advancements in Targeted Therapies for Hematologic and Oncologic Disorders

Simhachalam Gurugubelli — 2023-09-27

In recent years, significant advancements in medical science have led to the emergence of targeted therapies as a promising approach in treating hematologic and oncologic disorders. Precision medicine has revolutionized the landscape of healthcare, enabling physicians to tailor treatment plans based on an individuals genetic makeup. thus optimizing therapeutic outcomes. This poster explores how physicians can contribute to implementing precision medicine approaches in treating blood disorders and cancer