Aspirin Versus Enoxaparin for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Orthopedic Surgery: A Review of Efficacy and Safety

Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant complication
following orthopedic surgery. This review evaluates the
comparative efficacy and safety of aspirin and
enoxaparin for DVT prophylaxis in this patient
population. A comprehensive literature search identified
relevant
randomized controlled trials (RCTs),
retrospective studies, and systematic reviews with
meta-analyses comparing these two medications. The
findings regarding aspirin's efficacy compared to
enoxaparin are mixed. While some studies suggest
comparable effectiveness in preventing DVT, others
indicate a potential advantage for enoxaparin. However,
aspirin offers advantages in terms of ease of
administration (oral medication), potentially lower
bleeding risk, and potentially improved patient
satisfaction
and adherence. Drawing definitive
conclusions is limited by heterogeneity among the
included studies. Variations in patient populations,
surgical procedures, and follow-up durations hinder a
more conclusive comparison. Additionally, the potential
for bias in some studies necessitates a cautious
interpretation of the results. This review also has
limitations, as it does not explicitly appraise the
methodological quality of each included study. Despite
these limitations, aspirin emerges as a potentially viable
alternative, and perhaps even an excellent option, for
DVT prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery in specific
scenarios. However, limitations within the current
evidence necessitate further research with standardized
protocols and rigorous methodological evaluation.
Individualized approaches that consider patient-specific
risk factors and surgical procedures are crucial. If future
research confirms aspirin's efficacy and safety profile,
its ease of use and potential benefits could lead to it
becoming a preferred option for DVT prophylaxis.