“Beyond the Onset: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Etiological Mechanisms in Central Precocious Puberty”- a Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56570/jimgs.v2i2.143Keywords:
Central precocious puberty, risk factors, pediatric population, adolescent, endocrinologyAbstract
Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the recent advances that have been made in understanding the risk factors and etiology behind the rising incidence of precocious puberty in children. The key goals are to assess to understand the normal physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the various theories that have been proposed that influence the normal functioning of the HPG axis leading to central precocious puberty. Methods and Results: A systematic search was undertaken across various databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial search yielded 9097 articles. After removing the duplicates and title/abstract screening, the remaining articles were assessed for quality appraisal based on the AMSTAR checklist. Of these, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Conclusion: Central Precocious Puberty is caused by an early activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG ) axis. This review focuses on the abnormalities in the regulation of HPG axis leading to early puberty especially the molecular interactions between the HPG axis and GnRH neurons. Recently, mutations in MKRN3 and DLK1 have been implicated in both familial and sporadic CPP which significantly changed the current treatment strategy of CPP. Several syndromic illnesses and anomalies of the central nervous system are also associated with CPP. These diseases can have detrimental effects on one's physical, psychological, and physical health if they are not treated.References
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