Alpha-Gal Syndrome

Abstract

Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) is a unique, recently identified type of anaphylaxis caused by a particular IgE antibody to the oligosaccharide galactose—1,3- galactose (alpha-gal), following a tick bite. The blood test for IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose-1,3- galactose (-Gal) and a history of delayed allergic reactions to red meat may usually be used to make the diagnosis. The diagnosis determines the primary treatment, which in most cases involves avoiding mammalian meat and, in some circumstances, dairy. The lone star tick is the main vector of this illness in the United States, while other nations are affected by other tick species. Patients who avoid recurring tick bites frequently see their blood levels of IgE to -Gal fall, albeit the rate of decline varies. This article focuses on the characteristics of the syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, to provide more public awareness and acknowledgment of the condition.