<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">journal</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal For International Medical Graduates</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal For International Medical Graduates</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>
          <country>US</country>
          <uri>https://www.cibnp.com</uri>
        </publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2832-9864</issn>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jimgs.com/ojs/index.php/journal"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">150</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Comparing Endoscopy and Surgery: A Systematic Review of Early Colorectal Cancer Treatments</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Saisravika Kambham</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Kambham</surname>
              <given-names>Saisravika</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>binaypanjiyar1282@hotmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Dhuha S. Al-Taie</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Al-Taie</surname>
              <given-names>Dhuha S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>dhuha.saad@sag.group</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Esraa M. AlEdani</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>AlEdani</surname>
              <given-names>Esraa M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>esraaaledani0gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Jahnavi Gurramkonda</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Gurramkonda</surname>
              <given-names>Jahnavi</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>drjahnavigurramkonda@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Shaan Chaudhri</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Chaudhri</surname>
              <given-names>Shaan</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>shaan.chaudhri@jimgs.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Amina Amin</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Amin</surname>
              <given-names>Amina</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>amina.amin@jimgs.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Khushal Girigosavi</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Girigosavi</surname>
              <given-names>Khushal</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>khushal.girigosavi@jimgs.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Indu Etta</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Etta</surname>
              <given-names>Indu</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ındu.etta@jimgs.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Mohammed Omar Khan</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Omar Khan</surname>
              <given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>mohammed.omar.khan@jimgs.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Sanam Wasim Khan</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>Sanam Wasim</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>sanam.wasim.khan@jimgs.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <string-name specific-use="display">Binay Kumar Panjiyar</string-name>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Panjiyar</surname>
              <given-names>Binay Kumar</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>binay.kumar.panjiyar@jimgs.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, IND</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">
        <institution content-type="orgname">California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences &amp; Psychology, Fairfield, USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-3">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik, IND</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-4">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, IND</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-5">
        <institution content-type="orgname">CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-6">
        <institution content-type="orgname">CMH Lahore Medical College</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-7">
        <institution content-type="orgname">GCSRT, PGME Harvard Medical School</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-19T11:13:08+00:00"><day>19</day><month>2</month><year>2024</year></date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2024 Journal For International Medical Graduates</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Journal For International Medical Graduates</copyright-holder>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jimgs.com/ojs/index.php/journal/article/view/150"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>sigmoidoscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>proctosigmoidectomy</kwd>
        <kwd>hemicolectomy</kwd>
        <kwd>endoscopic submucosal resection</kwd>
        <kwd>endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd)</kwd>
        <kwd>endoscopic resection</kwd>
        <kwd>colonic surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>colectomy</kwd>
        <kwd>colorectal neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group/>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="R1">
        <mixed-citation>Kim K, Lee Y, Lee J, et al. Minimally invasive treatments for early colorectal cancer: comparison of endoscopic resection and laparoscopic surgery. Korean J Clin Oncol. 2022; 18:47-55. doi:10.14216/kjco.22006.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R2">
        <mixed-citation>Cronin KA, Lake AJ, Scott S, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part I: national cancer statistics. Cancer. 2018;124(16):2785-2800. doi:10.1002/cncr.31551.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R3">
        <mixed-citation>Silva G, Moura E, Bernardo W, et al. Endoscopic vs surgical resection for early colorectal cancer—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2016;7(3):326-335.doi:10.21037/jgo.2015.10.02.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R4">
        <mixed-citation>Gui-Yang, Guo-Jun, Liu J, et al. Comparison of the eighth version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer manual to the seventh version for colorectal cancer: A retrospective review of our data. World J Clin Oncol. 2018;9(7):148-161.doi:10.5306/wjco.v9.i7.148.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R5">
        <mixed-citation>Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi- Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58(3):130-160. doi:10.3322/CA.2007.0018.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R6">
        <mixed-citation>Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. World J Surg. 1997;21(7):694-701. doi:10.1007/s002689900293.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R7">
        <mixed-citation>Quaresma S, Balla A, Franceschilli L, et al. Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Lesions. JSLS. 2016 Jul-Sep;20(3):e2016.00032. doi:10.4293/JSLS.2016.00032.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8">
        <mixed-citation>Boleros TD, Leenders M, Moons LM, et al. Local recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection of nonpedunculated colorectal lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2014;46(5):388-402. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1364970.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R9">
        <mixed-citation>Ikematsu H, Yoda Y, Matsuda T, et al. Long-term outcomes after resection for submucosal invasive colorectal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(3):551-559.doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R10">
        <mixed-citation>Yoda Y, Ikematsu H, Matsuda T, et al. A large-scale multicenter study of long-term outcomes after endoscopic resection for submucosal invasive colorectal cancer. Endoscopy. 2013;45(9):718-724. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1344234.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R11">
        <mixed-citation>Sajid MS, Farag S, Leung P, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of published trials comparing the effectiveness of transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical resection in the management of early rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis. 2014 Jan;16(1):2-14. doi:10.1111/codi.12474.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12">
        <mixed-citation>Ailish P, Eanna J, Cliodhna, et al. Endoscopic management vs transanal surgery for early primary or early locally recurrent rectal neoplasms—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2020 Dec;35(12):2347-2359. doi:10.1007/s00384-020-03715-7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R13">
        <mixed-citation>Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100.doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R14">
        <mixed-citation>Franco G, Curell A, Tapiolas I, et al. Systematic review of functional outcomes and quality of life after transanal endoscopic microsurgery and transanal minimally invasive surgery: a word of caution. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2020 Jan;35(1):51-67.doi:10.1007/s00384-019-03439-3.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R15">
        <mixed-citation>Yeh JH, Tseng CH, Huang RY, et al. Long-term outcomes of primary endoscopic resection vs surgery for T1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Nov;18(12):2813-2823.e5.doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.060.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R16">
        <mixed-citation>Lelong B, de Chaisemartin C, Meillat H, et al. A multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy, morbidity, and functional outcome of endoscopic transanal proctectomy vs laparoscopic proctectomy for low-lying rectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2017;17:320. doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3200-1.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R17">
        <mixed-citation>Bach SP, Gilbert A, Brock K, et al. Radical surgery vs organ preservation via short-course radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery for early-stage rectal cancer (TREC): a randomised, open-label feasibility study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;6(2):92-105. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30333-2</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
