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        <article-title xml:lang="en">Examining the Psychological Burden of Diabetes Mellitus: The Association and Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, and Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Reviewr</article-title>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Zahra Ali</string-name>
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              <surname>Ali</surname>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Abdelrahman Ahmed Abaza</string-name>
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              <given-names>Abdelrahman Ahmed</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Aneeque Jamil</string-name>
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              <given-names>Aneeque</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli</string-name>
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              <given-names>Sai Dheeraj</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Marya Khalid Ali</string-name>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Mrinal Jaya Prakash Oble</string-name>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Shamsun Nahar Sonia</string-name>
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              <given-names>Shamsun Nahar</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Sherie George</string-name>
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              <surname>George</surname>
              <given-names>Sherie</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Srushti Rajesh Shahi</string-name>
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              <surname>Shahi</surname>
              <given-names>Srushti Rajesh</given-names>
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            <string-name specific-use="display">Pousette Hamid</string-name>
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              <surname>Hamid</surname>
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        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
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      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-10T07:51:19+00:00"><day>10</day><month>8</month><year>2023</year></date></event-desc>
        </event>
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        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2023 Journal For International Medical Graduates</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Journal For International Medical Graduates</copyright-holder>
      </permissions>
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      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Hyperglycaemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Depression</kwd>
        <kwd>Anxiety</kwd>
        <kwd>Stress</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>

  
    
      journal
      
        Journal For International Medical Graduates
        Journal For International Medical Graduates
      
      
        California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology
        
          US
          https://www.cibnp.com
        
      
      2832-9864
      
    
    
      109
      
        
          Articles
        
      
      
        Examining the Psychological Burden of Diabetes Mellitus:  The Association and Relationship between Depression,  Anxiety, and Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Review
      
      
        
          
            
              Zahra Ali
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
              Abdelrahman Ahmed Abaza
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
              Aneeque Jamil
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
               Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
               Marya Khalid Ali
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
              Mrinal Jaya Prakash Oble
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
              Shamsun Nahar Sonia
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
              Sherie George
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
               Srushti Rajesh Shahi
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
        
          
            
               Pousette Hamid
            
          
          info@jimgs.com
        
      
      
        10
        08
        2023
      
      
        
          Received: 1082023
        
      
      
        Copyright (c) 2023 Journal For International Medical Graduates
        2023
        Journal For International Medical Graduates
      
      
      
        Hyperglycaemia, Depression, Anxiety, Stress
      
      
    
  
  
  
    
      
        MLA. Harvey, Richard A., Ph. D. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2011.
      
      
        The International Diabetes Federation https://idf.org/about-diabetes/facts-figures/.
      
      
        World Health Organization Depression https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/depression
      
      
        World Health Organization Mental Disorder https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/mental-disorders
      
      
        Liu X, Li Y, Guan L, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in China. Front Med. 2022; 9: 759499. Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.759499.
      
      
        Smith KJ, Deschênes SS, Schmitz N. Investigating the longitudinal association between diabetes and anxiety: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Diabet Med. 2018; 35(6): 677-693. Doi: 10.1111/dme.13606.
      
      
        Ni YX, Ma L, Li JP. Effects of a mindfulness- based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabet Investig 2021;12(6):1092-1103. Doi: 10.1111/jdi.13439.
      
      
        Yang W, Liu M, Tian Y, et al. The increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in T2DM patients associated with blood glucose fluctuation and sleep quality. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22(1): 232. Doi: 10.1186/s12902-022—1147-8.
      
      
        Alfieri V, Myasoedova VA, Vinci MC, et al. The Role of Glycemic Variability in Cardiovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(16): 8393. Doi: 10.3390/ijms22168393.
      
      
        Knight A, Weiss P, Morales K, et al. Identifying Differences in Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Chronic Disease: A Matched Cross-Sectional Study of Youth with Lupus/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Their Peers with Diabetes. J Pediatr 2015; 167(6): 1397-403.e1. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.048.
      
      
        Dogan B, Oner C, Akalin AA, et al. Psychiatric symptom rate of patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A case control study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(2): 1059-1063. Doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.045.
      
      
        Zhou C, Li J, Dong M, et al. Altered White Matter Microstructures in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Coordinate‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. Front in Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12: 658198. Doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.65819.
      
      
        Yang QQ, Shao D, Li J, et al. Positive Association Between Serum Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Depression/Anxiety in Female, but Not Male, Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22(2): 178-187. Doi: 10.1177/109980041989464.
      
      
        Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: 10.1136/BMJ.N71.
      
      
        Rechenberg K, Koerner R. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: An Integratve Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60: 190-197. Doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.06.019.
      
      
        Graham EA, Deschênesc SS, Khalil MN, et al. Measures of depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affective Disorders 2020; 224-232. Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.053.
      
      
        Almeida MC, Claudino DA, Grigolon RB, et al. Psychiatric disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study. Braz J Psychiatry. 2018; 40(3): 284-289. Doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2259.
      
      
        18 Berger G, Waldhoer T, Barrientos I, et al. Association of insulin-manipulation and psychiatric disorders: A systematic epidemiological evaluation of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Austria. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20(1): 127-136. Doi: 10.1111/pedi.12784.
      
      
        Nguyen LA, Pouwer F, Winterdijk P, et al. Prevalence and course of mood and anxiety disorders, and correlates of symptom severity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results from diabetes LEAP J pedi 2020. Doi: 10.1111/pedi.13174.
      
      
        Liu J, Liu T, Wang W, et al. Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017; 9:161. Doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00161.
      
      
        Pouwer F, Snoek FJ. The association between symptoms of depression and glycaemic control may be unstable across gender. Diabet Med 2001; 18(7): 595- 8. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00499.x.
      
      
        Holmes-Truscott E, Browne JL, Speight J. The impact of insulin therapy and attitudes towards insulin intensification among adults with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study. J Diabetes Complication 2016; 30(6): 1151-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.03.027.
      
      
        Grylli V, Hafferl-Gattermayer A, Schober E, Karwautz A. Prevalence and clinical manifestations of eating disorders in Austrian adolescents with type-1 diabetes. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004; 116(7-8): 230- 234.
      
      
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        Repple J, Opel N, Meinert S, et al. Elevated Body-Mass Index is Associated With Reduced White Matter Integrity in Two Large Independent Cohorts. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91: 179–85. Doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.007.
      
      
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        Campayo, A., de Jonge, P., Roy, J.F.,et al. Depressive disorder and incident diabetes mellitus: the effect of characteristics of depression. Am. J Psychiatry 2010 ;167, 580–588. Doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09010038.
      
      
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        Khaledi M, Haghighatdoost F, Feizi A, Aminorroaya A. The Prevalence of Comorbid Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: an updated systematic review and Meta-analysis on a huge Number of observational studies. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56: 631–50. Doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01295-9.
      
      
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    <ref-list>
      <ref id="R1">
        <mixed-citation>MLA. Harvey, Richard A., Ph. D. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2011.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R2">
        <mixed-citation>The International Diabetes Federation https://idf.org/about-diabetes/facts-figures/.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R3">
        <mixed-citation>World Health Organization Depression https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/depression</mixed-citation>
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      <ref id="R4">
        <mixed-citation>World Health Organization Mental Disorder https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/mental-disorders</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R5">
        <mixed-citation>Liu X, Li Y, Guan L, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in China. Front Med. 2022; 9: 759499. Doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.759499.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R6">
        <mixed-citation>Smith KJ, Deschênes SS, Schmitz N. Investigating the longitudinal association between diabetes and anxiety: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Diabet Med. 2018; 35(6): 677-693. Doi: 10.1111/dme.13606.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R7">
        <mixed-citation>Ni YX, Ma L, Li JP. Effects of a mindfulness- based intervention on glycemic control and psychological outcomes in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabet Investig 2021;12(6):1092-1103. Doi: 10.1111/jdi.13439.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8">
        <mixed-citation>Yang W, Liu M, Tian Y, et al. The increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in T2DM patients associated with blood glucose fluctuation and sleep quality. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22(1): 232. Doi: 10.1186/s12902-022—1147-8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R9">
        <mixed-citation>Alfieri V, Myasoedova VA, Vinci MC, et al. The Role of Glycemic Variability in Cardiovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(16): 8393. Doi: 10.3390/ijms22168393.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R10">
        <mixed-citation>Knight A, Weiss P, Morales K, et al. Identifying Differences in Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Chronic Disease: A Matched Cross-Sectional Study of Youth with Lupus/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Their Peers with Diabetes. J Pediatr 2015; 167(6): 1397-403.e1. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.048.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R11">
        <mixed-citation>Dogan B, Oner C, Akalin AA, et al. Psychiatric symptom rate of patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A case control study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13(2): 1059-1063. Doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.045.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R12">
        <mixed-citation>Zhou C, Li J, Dong M, et al. Altered White Matter Microstructures in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Coordinate‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. Front in Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12: 658198. Doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.65819.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R13">
        <mixed-citation>Yang QQ, Shao D, Li J, et al. Positive Association Between Serum Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Depression/Anxiety in Female, but Not Male, Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22(2): 178-187. Doi: 10.1177/109980041989464.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R14">
        <mixed-citation>Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: 10.1136/BMJ.N71.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R15">
        <mixed-citation>Rechenberg K, Koerner R. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: An Integratve Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60: 190-197. Doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.06.019.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R16">
        <mixed-citation>Graham EA, Deschênesc SS, Khalil MN, et al. Measures of depression and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affective Disorders 2020; 224-232. Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.053.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R17">
        <mixed-citation>Almeida MC, Claudino DA, Grigolon RB, et al. Psychiatric disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study. Braz J Psychiatry. 2018; 40(3): 284-289. Doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2259.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R18">
        <mixed-citation>18 Berger G, Waldhoer T, Barrientos I, et al. Association of insulin-manipulation and psychiatric disorders: A systematic epidemiological evaluation of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Austria. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20(1): 127-136. Doi: 10.1111/pedi.12784.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R19">
        <mixed-citation>Nguyen LA, Pouwer F, Winterdijk P, et al. Prevalence and course of mood and anxiety disorders, and correlates of symptom severity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results from diabetes LEAP J pedi 2020. Doi: 10.1111/pedi.13174.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R20">
        <mixed-citation>Liu J, Liu T, Wang W, et al. Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017; 9:161. Doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00161.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R21">
        <mixed-citation>Pouwer F, Snoek FJ. The association between symptoms of depression and glycaemic control may be unstable across gender. Diabet Med 2001; 18(7): 595- 8. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00499.x.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R22">
        <mixed-citation>Holmes-Truscott E, Browne JL, Speight J. The impact of insulin therapy and attitudes towards insulin intensification among adults with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study. J Diabetes Complication 2016; 30(6): 1151-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.03.027.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R23">
        <mixed-citation>Grylli V, Hafferl-Gattermayer A, Schober E, Karwautz A. Prevalence and clinical manifestations of eating disorders in Austrian adolescents with type-1 diabetes. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004; 116(7-8): 230- 234.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
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        <mixed-citation>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association; 2013.</mixed-citation>
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